"Prediction of breach formation through the Aswan High Dam and subsequent flooding downstream area" is a scientific study that concluded that in case of dam failure, 13,466.10 km2 will be underwater, all of it within the Nile Valley borders. About 100 million inhabitants will have to be evacuated to higher lands.
The research team ran 6 scenarios of dam failure following a rectangular breach in the rock nucleus of 10 m wide and 21 m deep. This breach rapidly enlarges, and in a few hours will reach a width of 450 meters, with the lake losing approximately 60 meters in depth. The six scenarios calculated six different climatic situations, concluding that in Scenario 6 (maximum inflow and normal lake height), all the barrages and dams downstream will fail.
Given the enormous mass (and 11 bar pressure on the dam's internal wall), it is presumable that even a smaller breach in the rock nucleus will rapidly develop, especially in high inflow moments.
The study is signed by an Egyptian team: Samir A. S. Ibrahim, El-Belasy, and Fahmy S. Abdel-Haleemwater levels of each scenario during the dam failure were obtained.
2- The maximum peak outflow of the AHD failure is 389009.69 m3/s. This was in case of overtopping
failure when, the inflow of hydrograph of year 1964/1965 was considered. The Nasser Lake contents
and water level are 162.3 BCM and 182m +MSL respectively; the assumed initial breach is 10.0 m
width, and 14.0 m depth in the rock-fill part of the AHD. The breach developed progressively in 95
hours and reached a depth of 62.11 m, and a width of 666.30 m, at level 133.89 m+ MSL.
3- Scenario (3) was chosen to be simulated by 1D2D model because it represents the maximum inflow
and normal water level of the Lake. This is considered the closest condition to reality. In the case of the
Aswan High Dam failure, major damages can be expected along the Nile Valley. The resulting flood
wave propagated down the Nile causing the failure of all other dams by overtopping. The calculated