My second granddaughter was classified in the school (2nd grade) as gifted, so naturally I wanted to learn what that means. The Central Bureau of Statistics has a long explanation (in Hebrew) how they are selected. There are two categories: the gifted (mehunanim) and outstanding (mitztaynim). The numbers are broken down by the economic-social grade of the school (that is, the neighborhood) - above: left=low, middle=middle and right=high.
The ranking city is Tel Aviv with 8.39 (from 10) and my city is number 5 with 7.59. According to the graph, in 2021 they found about 11,000 gifted children, 40% of them from the high-ranking cities. About 10% of the age group is selected. The proportions (gifted = brown line, outstanding=green line) grows from year to year, meaning, may be, that a larger portion of the children are gifted? The whole explanation is so obscure that it is impossible to make sense of it, which is the point.
My granddaughter says she did not answer the numbers questions yet got selected. How come? I don't know, she certainly has no "protectzia".