Who imagined that Karl Marx would fight for the political right of German Jews? I always thought of Marx as a ferocious antisemite who hated his Jewish roots, but I see that I am wrong. I am over seventy and always learning new things and forced to change my ideas. It has to be understood that Marx lived and fought for Jewish emancipation within a society with deep prejudices, where actual, real Jews, were a tiny minority. In France, for example, there had been no Jews in the last 800 years. Most of the German-speaking lands were also Judenfrei. Like, say, Malaysia today, a country without Jews where violent prejudice reigns against the imagined Jew. Marx's approach was that only a general revolution could make life livable for German Jews, and that particularist projects were doomed. The historic fact is that European Jews were emancipated little later, but a hundred years later it did not save them from expulsion and Auschwitz.
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